Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm used in Java and many other programming languages. It revolves around the concept of "objects," which are instances of classes representing real-world entities.

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OOP emphasizes organizing code into reusable, modular components. It is based on four main principles:
Encapsulation: This involves bundling data (attributes) and methods (functions) that operate on that data within a single unit, i.e., a class. It restricts access to some of the object's components, providing a level of security and preventing unintended interference.

Inheritance: This allows one class (subclass) to inherit the attributes and methods of another class (superclass). It promotes code reusability and supports the creation of specialized classes from more general ones.

Polymorphism: This enables objects to take on multiple forms. In Java, polymorphism is achieved through method overloading and method overriding. It allows a single method to have different implementations depending on the context.

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Abstraction: Abstraction involves simplifying complex systems by focusing on the essential features while hiding the implementation details. In Java, abstract classes and interfaces facilitate this process.

By adhering to these principles, OOP promotes code modularity, reusability, and maintainability. It is widely used in Java programming to create scalable, flexible, and organized applications.

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